Hydrology

Hydrology examines the distribution, movement, and properties of water in Earth’s atmosphere, on the surface, and underground. Greenhouse gases both directly and indirectly influence hydrological factors such as abundance, water cycling, and nutrient levels. Measuring properties of water, for example by isotopic signature analysis (e.g. δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁷O), can help unlock a variety of insights such as groundwater’s interaction with minerals, past temperatures, or the presence of microbes. Monitoring techniques include site sampling of water sources, ambient air vapors, or precipitation. Explore the Water Isotope Analysis Resource Center

Analyzers

Product	Model	Measurements
L2130-i Isotope and Gas Concentration Analyzer High-precision triple oxygen isotope research in water is finally simple and affordable.	L2130-i	δ¹⁸O δ²H Water (H₂O) Isotopic Water (iH₂O)
L2140-i Isotope and Gas Concentration Analyzer The Picarro L2140-i isotopic water analyzer enables simultaneous measurements of δ¹⁸O, δ¹⁷O, δ²H, and determines ¹⁷O-excess for paleoclimate, (eco) hydrology, and atmospheric science applications.	L2140-i	δ¹⁸O δ¹⁷O δ²H Water (H₂O) Isotopic Water (iH₂O)

Peripherals

Product	Model	Measurements
High-Precision Vaporizer Supporting the most precise isotope analysis of water, the A0211 works with small volumes of water and for samples containing up to 20% salt.	A0211
Induction Module The Picarro Induction Module enables scientists to perform isotope analysis of matrix-bound water with high total-dissolved solids.	A0213	Water (H₂O) Isotopic Water (iH₂O)
Micro-Combustion Module The Picarro Micro-Combustion Module (A0214) effectively removes spectral interference for commonly occurring alcohols and plant products.	A0214	Water (H₂O) Isotopic Water (iH₂O)
Continuous Water Sampler The Picarro Continuous Water Sampler incorporates a porous membrane that enables diffusive sampling of water isotopes.	A0217	Water (H₂O) Isotopic Water (iH₂O)
High-Precision Autosampler and Vaporizer The Picarro Autosampler (A0340) and Vaporizer (A0211) offer exceptional precision with minimal maintenance for ocean science, hydrology, and paleoclimatology applications.	A0340, A0211	Water (H₂O) Isotopic Water (iH₂O)
OI Analytical Aurora 1030W TOC Analyzer Significantly expand sample range and increase throughput with the Aurora 1030W TOC Analyzer, an instrument specifically designed for analyzing organic contamination levels in aqueous samples by the heated persulfate wet oxidation technique.	Aurora	Isotopic Carbon Dioxide (iCO₂)